英语从句的先行词是指在主句中提到，并在从句中作为主语、宾语或表语等成分的名词或代词。以下是英语从句中常见的先行词类型及其总结：
1. **关系代词先行词**：
- **who/whom**：用于指代人，whom作宾语，who作主语或表语。
- **which**：用于指代物或抽象概念。
- **that**：用于指代人或物，但有时可以省略。
- **whose**：用于表示所属关系。
例如：
- The man who/whom you met yesterday is my uncle.
- The book which/that you borrowed is very interesting.
- The city that/which we visited last year is beautiful.
2. **关系副词先行词**：
- **when**：表示时间。
- **where**：表示地点。
- **why**：表示原因。
- **how**：表示方式或程度。
例如：
- The day when we met was unforgettable.
- The place where we had our picnic was beautiful.
- The reason why he left was unclear.
3. **指示代词先行词**：
- **this/that**：用于指代较近或较远的名词。
- **these/those**：复数形式，用于指代较近或较远的名词。
例如：
- This book is more interesting than that one.
- These books are on the table, and those are on the shelf.
4. **不定代词先行词**：
- **anyone/anybody**：任何人。
- **anyone/anybody else**：其他人。
- **something/anything**：某物/任何物。
- **nothing/everything**：无物/一切。
例如：
- Anyone who wants to join can come.
- Is there anything else you want to know?
- Everything is ready for the party.
5. **疑问词先行词**：
- **who, whom, whose, which, what, when, where, why, how**：用于引导特殊疑问句。
例如：
- Who is that man?
- What did you do yesterday?
- Where did you go last weekend?
在使用先行词时，需要注意以下几点：
- 关系代词和关系副词通常在从句中作成分，而疑问词则引导特殊疑问句。
- 先行词与从句中的关系词之间要有明确的指代关系。
- 根据先行词和从句的语法结构，选择合适的关系词。
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